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2017 Regulation Changes

January 2, 2017

Moving into 2017, Formula One faces numerous regulation changes. Last time this happened, in 2014, it completely shook up the field. So what should we expect this time? Hopefully, more exciting racing. Wider cars and tyres promise better aesthetics and faster lap times, with revised aero regulations hoping to improve the racing.  [Read more…]

The Bernoulli Effect

December 17, 2016

The Bernoulli effect is key to our understanding of aerodynamics and crucial within Formula One. Generating the most downforce with the least drag is the challenge for the aerodynamicists. The equation links pressure with velocity and helps us gain a greater understanding of the airflow around the car. [Read more…]

DRS – How does it work?

August 16, 2016

The drag reduction system on an F1 car offers an aerodynamic advantage, reducing drag as the name suggests. Permitted only in certain cases – within allocated zones on the circuit. The rear wing on the car is made up of 2 flaps, when DRS is deployed the top flap lifts opening a gap between the two wing sections. [Read more…]

Power Unit

July 26, 2016

Technical Regulations:

  • The internal combustion engine is a 1.6 litre 4-stroke V6.
  • The crankshaft must not rotate over 15000rpm.
  • Each cylinder can have 2 inlet and 2 exhaust valves.
  • Each car is fitted with a fuel flow sensor to record the rate at which the fuel is used up. This value cannot exceed 100kg per hour.
  • The internal combustion engine and the MGU-K are the only permitted ways to propel the car.
  • The MGU-K must not exceed 50000rpm and only 2MJ per lap can be transferred from the MGU-K to the energy store (ES). A maximum of 4MJ per lap can be transferred from the ES to the MGU-K.
  • The amount of energy transferred between the MGU-H ans ES or MGU-K is unlimited.
  • The energy store must weigh between 20 and 25kg.
  • The minimum overall weight of the power unit is 145kg.

Sporting Regulations:

  • Each driver can use up to 4 power units per season (unless the manufacturer’s first year, then 5 are permitted).
  • There are 6 parts to the power unit, four of each element can be used throughout the season:
    • Internal combustion engine
    • MGU-K
    • MGU-H
    • Energy store
    • Turbocharger
    • Control Electronics
  • If more than four of any of the six elements are used then grid penalties will apply:
    • The first element to be used for the fifth time will result in a 10-place grid drop
    • Another element used for the fifth time will result in a 5-place grid penalty
    • The same applies for sixth, seventh etc…
  • If a driver is replaced within a team then they are deemed to be the same driver in terms of power unit use.

Full regulations can be found here.

Transmission

July 26, 2016

Technical Regulations:

  • The car must feature only two driven wheels.
  • The gearbox must have 8 forward gears and a reverse. The gear ratios must be selected at the beginning of the season and cannot be changed.
  • No devices may be used which notify the driver of the amount of clutch slip or engagement.
  • No devices may be used to notify the driver of wheel spin.
  • Traction control is banned.
  • Gear changes must not be automatic.
  • There must be a way to disengage the clutch from outside of the cockpit for marshals to use for safety reasons.

Sporting Regulations:

  • A gearbox must last 6 consecutive events before being replaced, if it is replaced before this then a 5-place grid penalty will occur. An exception to this rule is if a driver fails to finish a race, they may replace the gearbox without receiving a penalty.

Full regulations can be found here.

Wheels and Tyres

July 26, 2016

Technical Regulations:

  • Formula One cars must have 4 wheels, external of the bodywork so remaining uncovered.
  • The maximum wheel diameter is 670mm (680 for wet tyres).
  • The front wheel width must be between 370 and 385mm. The rear wheels must be between 455 and 470mm.
  • The tyres must be inflated with air or nitrogen.
  • Each wheel must be attached to the car with a single fastening. The wheel guns used by the pit crews must be powered by compressed air or nitrogen.

Sporting Regulations:

  • Pirelli will provide 3 dry tyre compounds each race, with intermediate and wet tyres also available.
  • Each driver will be allocated 13 dry sets, 4 intermediates and 3 wet for each event.
  • Of the 13 dry weather compounds:
    • 2 sets will be chosen by Pirelli as the mandatory race tyres and one of these sets must be used in the race.
    • 1 set will be reserved for Q3, drivers who reach Q3 will have to return this set before the beginning of the race. Drivers failing to make it into the final qualifying session will be allowed to use this set during the race.
    • The final 10 sets can be chosen by the teams from the three available compounds.
  • During the weekend, the teams will have to hand back tyres at certain points:
    • One set after the first 40 minutes of FP1
    • One set after FP1
    • Two sets must be returned before the start of FP3 (unless FP1 and FP2 are wet or cancelled, in which case one of the sets may be kept until the start of qualifying).
    • Two sets must be returned before the start of qualifying.
  • Drivers who reach Q3 must start the race on the set of tyres on which they set their fastest time in Q2, unless the race is wet. Also in some cases, if the tyres are deemed to be damaged, the team may be allowed to replace them.
  • Unless the race is wet, at least two of the three dry weather compounds must be used during the race, one of which must be the mandatory race tyre.
  • If the race is started behind the safety car due to rain, full wets must be used until the safety car pits.

Full regulations can be found here.

Points

July 26, 2016

Sporting Regulations:

  • The top ten finishers in a race will be awarded a certain number of points depending on their finishing position:
    • 1st = 25 points
    • 2nd = 18 points
    • 3rd = 15 points
    • 4th = 12 points
    • 5th = 10 points
    • 6th = 8 points
    • 7th = 6 points
    • 8th = 4 points
    • 9th = 2 points
    • 10th = 1 point
  • In the case of a race being suspended and not restarted then points awarded may change.
    • If less than 75% of the race distance is completed half points will be awarded but if less than two laps are completed no points will be scored.
    • If the leading driver completes over 75% of the overall distance then full points will be awarded.
  • The drivers’ championship title will be awarded to the driver who has the most points at the end of the season. In the event of a draw, the driver with the most victories will win. If this is equal, it will go to second places then third etc.
  • The constructors’ championship will go to the team who have scored the most points across the season, adding the points of each driver.

Full regulations can be found here.

Driving

July 26, 2016

Sporting Regulations:

  • The driver must drive the car alone and unaided.
  • The car must not be driven in the opposite direction to the race unless it is necessary to move out of a potentially dangerous position.
  • Cars must not leave the track without a good reason.
  • If the car leaves the track, they may rejoin if it is safe to do so and without gaining an advantage.
  • Drivers must not drive unnecessarily slowly or in a dangerous manner:
    • During qualifying and on reconnaissance laps before the race, they must stay below the maximum time set by the FIA between the safety car lines after pit exit and before the pit entrance.
  • Only one change of direction is allowed to defend a position. If moving back onto the racing line after defending off-line, one car width must be left between their car and the edge of the track.
  • When being lapped, the slower car must allow the faster car past at the first opportunity. Blue flags will be waved to indicate a faster car is behind.

Full regulations can be found here.

Weight

July 26, 2016

Technical Regulations:

  • The minimum weight of the car without fuel must be 722kg
  • No substances (except compressed gases) must be added to a car during the race
  • Replacement parts may be fitted during the race but they must be no heavier than the original part.
  • Ballast may be used in order to bring the car up to weight however cannot be added or removed during a race.

Sporting Regulations:

  • After a free practice session or during qualifying, cars may be weighed by the FIA.
    • After P1, P2 or P3 some cars will be selected at random to be weighed.
    • During or after Q1 and Q2 some cars may be selected to be weighed.
    • At the end of Q3, all ten cars will be weighed.
  • If a car fails to stop for weighing they will receive a reprimand. If they then fail to return, that driver will be required to start the race from the pit lane.
  • All classified cars will have to be weighed. If below the minimum weight, the driver may be excluded from the results.

Full regulations can be found here.

 

Parc Ferme

July 26, 2016

Sporting Regulations:

  • Parc ferme is a secure area within the paddock in which all cars must be left between qualifying and the race. During this time, all work done on the cars will be monitored by FIA officials.
  • Cars will be in parc ferme conditions between the start of qualifying until the start of the race.
  • During this time a limited amount of work may be done on the car, so few changes can be made. Work allowed includes:
    • Adding or removing fuel
    • Changing wheels
    • Heating or cooling components
    • Bleeding brakes
    • Cleaning
    • Other processes listed in full regulations
  • At the end of the race, all drivers must drive their cars into the post-race parc ferme area for their cars to be checked and weighed.

Full regulations can be found here.

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